Baker&#39;s oven



W. .DREDGE l BAKER slv Avavm:

June 1o., V1924.

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W. DREDGE BAKERs OVEN June l0 1924. 1,496,844

Filed Jan. 2v. 1920 's sheets-sheet Patented J une l0, 1924.

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WILLIAM DREDGE, or MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

BAKERXS OVEN.

Application filed January 27, 1920. Serial No. 354,363.-

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM DREDGE, a r`subject of the King of Great Britain, re-` siding at Manchester, in the county f Lancaster and Kingdom of England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Bakers Ovens, of which ythe following is a specification.

This invention relates to bakers ovens, '10 and has reference to-the type wherein the Ibaking chamber lis heated internally, that is to say one in which the heat maybe generated in, or passed through the baking chamber, as distinguished from the type in which the chamber is heated externally by ues f surrounding it, so that the goods are baked gy radiation of the heat from the external ues.

As a practical baker of many years eX? perience, I have found in ovens of the internal gasheated type, that the oven chamber is liable to become flooded both with an excess of steam or other vapours arising i from the goods being baked, and with the gases evolved'by the'b-urning of gaseousfuel. These superfluous'vapours and-combustion product-s accumulating within the oven chamber have hitherto been released by but one or two outlets which concentrated or, y focussed the liberation of such vapoursand l pared bakers wares. IIn the caseof biscuit Following minutely the process of baking `in the pursuit of my trade, I have observedproductsat one ortwo particular points.-

-and later convinced myself through pracdryer'atmosphere and that the presence' of 40 -an `excess of'steam'at any rate atl certain stagesof the baking, is a disadvantage,f also that thewdra-wingoffl"ofv'the vapo-urs and,- y

.the feed end to aboutithefcentre is le'ftj im- .ficombustion products in I -a body through a (1v-multitude of smallperforations' partaking' '45 of the characterfof'astrainer, instead of."

concentrating o-, focussing "the liberation .-Sthrough-a large-openingatone given point y gfor-f points,l re'su'lts 1in impart-ing vto the `-goods 'f acterized' by "the feature that in a bakers Joven of' the type.-referred towher-e the bak 1i-ng' chamber isheated' internally, a flue `or 'collecting chamber controlled bya damper yat one par'ticular'point'or points. Vmore the provision 0f a multitude of'these is provided which extends longitudinally Aof the roof or sidewalls or floor thereof,nand in that the interior fof the oven chamber communicates' with this flue vor collecting chamber by means of a multitude of per-'60 forationsl extending throughout the whole length of the oven chamber, or a partzofthe `length thereof, so 'that lthe-vapours or`combustion products are drawn off'in abody over av large area of the oven, insteadr of'suchf65 withdrawalbeing' 'concentrated or 'focussed Furtherperforations extending" throughout the whole length ofthe oven chamber, or at the`170 end of the oven'remote from the feeding end, o-r at the" middle portion, and the provision of means for regulating *they outflow of the superfluous vapoursiand combustion products, through" these perforations,en-75 ables such superfluous vapours and` combustion'` products -tobei removed at YonceV asthey are created lor removed gradually,'orre tained, or retained at the initial stage "of the bakingbut removed at the final stage or* vice versaso that the oven is --rendered applicable for baking different kinjds of goods such as bread, biscuits and the like, `and imparts f-to" 'them an improved appearance which is such a desideratum of wellV pre-x. 85

baking ovens, I have found that the presence of an excess of steam at the initial stage' of the bakingis invaluable,-provided there'be an adequate heating temperature,A while-at90 the intermediatev or `later stages the #presence of an excess/of steam is injurious,.and accordingly in vbiscuit ovens, thefperforations according to my invention extend preferably 4from-about 'the' centrev of theoven95 chamber partway-orlthe whole way towards the delivery end, ,whileg the chambery. f lOm yTheinventionwill be .understood fromldoo the following description, oreference fr Ibeing had to the yaccompanying drawing-of la briscuit ebaking oven y of the-'type referred, 14to comprising a casing composed-jef non-conducting walls,1 the `lieating being l...effected by'io they combustion-of yamiXture o fgas and air fed to the'oven chamber byfburner-tubes preferably disposed -transverselyacrossthe Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of about one half the length of a bakers oven.

Figure v2 is a similar view of the remainder thereof.

Figure 3 is a cross section through the oven.

Figure 4 is a plan view of one of the perforated tiles on a larger scale than the pre ceding figures. f

Fig. 5 is a cross-section through the oven, showing the arrangement for draining off condensed 'steam below the uptake;

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of the feeding end of the oven, embodying a modification in which a damper is provided to control the perforations at the feed end of the oven;

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of another modification.

Referring to these figures, l construct the oven with fire brick Walls 1, while the roof is built of tiles 2, 3 supported by metallic members 4 T-shape in cross section supported at the ends by the fire brick walls 1. Above these tiles is the flue or collecting chamber 5 extending longitudinally the whole length of the baking chamber or substantially so, and from about the centre of the oven chamber 6 part way towards the delivery end 7 the roof tiles 3 are perforated with holes 8 say five holes 8 in each tile these perforations forming the only co-mmunication between the oven chamber 6 and i the collecting chamber 5, or the same result collecting chamber 5 for can be obtained by narrow openings between the tiles while from the feed end 9 of the oven to the centre thereof, and yfrom the termination of the perforated tiles 3, the tiles 2L are left unperforated if required. Thus a multitude of perforations is provided leading from the oven chamber to the part of the oven cliambers length, through which the vhot vapours and combustion products can be removed in a body, insteadV of the liberation being concentrated or focussed at one or two given points. The collecting chamber 5 communicates with the uptake 10 and immediately at the foot of the uptake l place a dripper ifnecessary, this dripper or tray 14 being made secure against leakage into the oven chamber and provided with a drain off pipe 15 and valve 16 to discharge condensed steam when required. The reason why I prefer the roof tiles 2 to be left unperforated from the feed end to about the centre is this, that for the purpose of baking biscuits the oven should be arranged to radiate the most intense heat at the start, and any considerable removal of the hot vapor and combustion products at this stage might be detrimental to uniformity in the baking of the biscuits. The presence of steam at the initial stage in the baking process is in my opinion invaluable,

provided there be an adequate heating temperature, and accordingly the steam at that end of the baking` chamber is maintained as far as possible. but at the intermediate or later stages in the baking the presence of an excess of steam is injurious, and accordingly it is removed by the multitude of perforations 8 and. collectingchamber 5 here inbefore referred to. The draught of the uptake 10 will draw the steam and combustion products through these perforated tiles into the collecting chamber 5 and the steam and combustion products passing above the unperforated tiles 2 that is over the inner lining of the oven will transfer its heat thereto, and form in fact a heating jacket to the oven chamber.

At the juncture of the collecting chamber 5 and the uptake 10 I provide a damper 11 and by regulatingthis damper, the flow of steam or hot vapour and products of combustion through the perforations 8 into the collecting chamber 5 can be controlled so that they can be removed at once as they are created, or removed gradually, or retained according to the class of goods to be baked. Extending through the oven are pairs of endless travelling chains adapted to support trays or receptacles to receive the goods to be baked, these chains passing round end pulleys 12. The transversely disposed burner tubes are indicated at 13.

lf, as in the modification shown in Fig. 6, the roof tiles are perforated throughout the length of the oven chamber, then in that case the perforations from the feed end to about the center of the oven are controlled by a sliding damper 17, operated by a rod 18 and sliding in guides 19. By means of this damper the said erforations-V can be closed when it is desire to retain the steam at one end of the oven, but to freely remove it at the other end thereof, the damper 11 in the uptake being relied on to regulate the amount of steam which is withdrawn according to the adjustment of the damper.

Or, as an alternative as shown in Fig. 7, the collecting chamber 5 may have partitions 2O at intervals, so as to divide it up into compartments, each partition being provided with a damper 21 operated by a rod 2Q; iixed to lugs 23. By operating these dampers, any number of the compartments may be closed to prevent the removal of the hot vapor wherever desired.

l declare that what l claim is 1. A. bakers oven of the type wherein travelling means are provided for carrying the goods from the feed end of the oven to the discharge end thereof and the heating means are located interiorly of the oven chamber, comprising in combination, a casing having a horizontal partition therein dividing said casing into a lower oven chamber and a fiue chamber extending longitudinally of said oven chamber, the partition between said chambers being provided over its entire surface with a multitude of openings therethrough, whereby the hot vapors and combustion products in the oven chamber may be drawn oil' in a body over a large area into said flue chamber; and means for regulating the outflow of the vapors and gases through said openings.

2. A bakers oven of the type wherein travelling means are provided for carrying the goods from the feed end of the oven to the discharge end thereof and the heating means are located interiorly of the oven chamber, comprising in combination, a casing having a horizontal partition therein dividing said casing into a lower oven chamber and an upper flue chamber extending longitudinally of said oven chamber; an uptake at the feed end of the oven structure with which said 'Hue chamber communicates, said partition having a multitude of openings therethrough to permit the hot gases in the oven chamber to pass through said openings into the flue chamber and in contact with the entire upper side of said horizontal partition, between the points of entry of the gases into said chamber and the feed end of the oven, before 'entering the'uptake.

3. A bakers oven of the type wherein travelling means are provided for carrying the goods from the feed end of the oven to the discharge end thereof and the heating means are located interiorly of the oven chamber, comprising in combination, a casing having a horizontal partition therein dividing said casing into a lower oven cham# ber and a flue chamber extending longitudinally of said oven chamber, the partition between said chambers being provided over its entire surface with a multitude of openings therethrough, whereby the hot vapors and combustion products in the oven chamber may be drawn olf in a body over a large area into said flue chamber; and meansforv closing certain, or all, of said openings, as

desired. y 'y In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name this 7th day of January, 1920, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM DREDGE. Witnesses:

EswoLn S. MosELEiY, GEORGE WEAVER. 

